component parts of lathe machine

BASIC PRINCIPLE OF LATHE MACHINE

A Lathe is a machine tool which rotates the work piece on its axis to perform various operations such as cutting, knurling, drilling or deformation with tools that are applied to the work piece to create an object which has symmetry about the axis of rotation.

            Lathes are used in wood turning, metal working, metal spinning, glass and plastic working.

            

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COMPONENT PARTS OF LATHE MACHINE

The component parts of Lathe machine are as follows

1. BED

The bed of the Lathe provides the foundation for the whole machine and holds the headstock, tailstock and carriage in alignment. The surface of the bed that are finely machined and upon which the carriage and tailstock slide are known as "ways".

             Some bed have a gap near the headstock to allow extra-large diameters to be turned. Sometimes the gap is formed by the machined ways stopping short of the headstock, sometimes by a piece of bed that can be unbolted, removed and lost.

2. TAILSTOCK

Tailstock is a movable casting which can be moved along the way to accomodate different length of work piece. Upper part of the tailstock accomodates a hollow barrel whose one end is provided with a Morse taper to hold dead centre or to support and feed tools to perform various operations like drilling, reaming etc.

  

3. HEADSTOCK

       It is situated at the left of the bed and is fixed. It house

1. Driving mechanism

2. Transmission mechanism (gear box)

3. Headstock spindle etc.

Headstock spindle is hollow throughout its length and is supported on two bearing. Outer surface of spindle nose is generally threaded to mount the chuck or face plate. Headstock also contains some sub parts like

1. Head speed/ low speed lever

2. Tumbler lever

4. LEADSCREW

      This is a long threaded rod normally found running along the front of the bed or, on some early examples running between the bed ways down the bed's centre line. By using a train of gears to connect the lathe spindle to the leadscrew and the leadscrew to the lathe carriage - the latter, together with its cutting tool, could be forced to move a set distance for every revolution of the spindle.

5. CARRIAGE

       The whole assembly of Saddle, Apron, Top and Cross Slide is known as the "Carriage". Carriage is movable part located between headstock and tailstock. It is used for holding and feeding the tool against the job and has following main parts.

   1. Tool post

   2. Compound rest

   3. Cross slide

   4. Saddle

   5. Apron

   6. Feed mechanism

   7. Legs

1. TOOL POST 

It is mounted on the compound rest and is the top most part of carriage. It is used for holding various tools and tool holder.

2. COMPOUND REST 

It is mounted on cross slide and has a circular base graduated in degrees. It can be swiveled about a vertical axis in various angular positions. It is essential in most of the taper turning operations.

3. CROSS SLIDE 

It is mounted on the top of saddle to provide transverse tool movement and can be operated manually with a hand wheel or by power feed.

4. SADDLE

It is 'H' shape component that slides along the bed ways. It contains cross slide, compound rest and tool post.

5. APRON

It is fastened to the saddle and in front of the carriage. It consists of a split nut, gears and clutches to transmit motion from the feed rod to the carriage in thread cutting.

6. FEED MECHANISM

Feed mechanism is used to transmit power to the carriage. Initially power is transmitted by a gear train to quick change gear box, which in turn regulates the tool movement per revolution of spindle.

7. LEG

Legs are used to support the entire load of machine and are firmly fixed to the floor by foundation bolts. It is made up of cast iron.   

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Milan Tomic

Hi. I’m Designer of Blog Magic. I’m CEO/Founder of ThemeXpose. I’m Creative Art Director, Web Designer, UI/UX Designer, Interaction Designer, Industrial Designer, Web Developer, Business Enthusiast, StartUp Enthusiast, Speaker, Writer and Photographer. Inspired to make things looks better.

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