shaper machine

SHAPER MACHINE

     A shaper is a machine with a reciprocating tool that takes a straight line cut. By successive movement of the work across the path of this tool, a plane surface is generated. Power is supplied to the machine by a motor, either through gears or belts or by the employment of a hydraulic system. As shown in fig a horizontal shaper consisting of a base and a frame that support a horizontal rams. The ram that carries the tool is given a reciprocating motion equal to the length of the stroke desired. The quick return mechanism driving the ram is designed so that the return stroke of the shaper is faster than the cutting stroke. A clapper box tool holder attached to the ram by means of a pivot at the upper end.

Image Source - Google | Image by - https://machineryfuture.weebly.com/knowledge/shapers-and-planers-02

WORKING PRINCIPLE OF SHAPER MACHINE

Shaper is intended to produce horizontal vertical or inclined flat surface by means of a reciprocating single point cutting tool. Tool is given reciprocating motion by converting the circular motion into reciprocating motion with the help of a mechanism known as quick return mechanism.

           The shaper can be driven by a mechanism. It consists of a rotating crank driven at a uniform speed connected to an oscillating arm by a sliding block that works in the centre of the rather massive oscillation arm. The crank is contained in the large gear and its arm length of the crank. The ratio of return to cutting speed is about 3:2.

PARTS OF SHAPER MACHINE

• Base               
• Table
• Cross Tail
• Column
• Ram
• Tool head

SHAPER OPERATION

HORIZONTAL CUTTING

Horizontal surfaces are machined by moving the work mounted on the machine table at a cross direction with respect to the ram movement.

           The clapper box can be set vertical or slightly inclined towards the uncut surface.

       This arrangement enables the tool to lift automatically during the return stroke. The tool will not drag on the machined surface.

VERTICAL CUTTING

A vertical cut is made while machining the end of a workpiece, squaring up a block or machining a shoulder.

         The feed is given to the tool by rotating the down feed screw of the vertical slide.

         The table is not moved vertically for this purpose.

       The apron is swiveled away from the vertical surface being machined.

INCLINED CUTTING 

An angular cut is done at any angle other than a right angle to the horizontal or to the vertical plane.

         The work is set on the table and the vertical slide of the tooth head is swiveled to the required angle either towards the left or towards right from the vertical position.

IRREGULAR CUTTING

A round nose tool is used for this operation.

        For a shallow cut the apron may be set vertical but if the curve is quite sharp, the apron in swiveled towards the right or left away from the surface to be cut.

PLANER

Planers also used preliminary to produced horizontal, vertical or inclined flat surfaces, but on work pieces that are too large to be accomodate on shapers. In the majority of planers the action is opposite to that of shapers in that the work is moved past one or more stationary, single point cutting tools.

The figure shows the basic components and motions of a planer. Because a large and a heavy work piece and table must necessarily be reciprocated at relatively low speeds, several tool heads are provided, often with multiple tools in each head, in addition many players are provided with tool heads arranged so that cuts occur on both direction of the table movement. However, because only aingle point cutting tools are used and the cutting speeds are quite low, planer are quite low in productivity as compared with some other type machine tools. As a result, they have, to a large degree, been replaced by planer type miling machines.

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Milan Tomic

Hi. I’m Designer of Blog Magic. I’m CEO/Founder of ThemeXpose. I’m Creative Art Director, Web Designer, UI/UX Designer, Interaction Designer, Industrial Designer, Web Developer, Business Enthusiast, StartUp Enthusiast, Speaker, Writer and Photographer. Inspired to make things looks better.

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